A lot depends on what you claim on your W-4. For me, I have them take out the maximum amount, and if I did my math right it comes up to about 19% of my pay. Which comes out to $4,860 if you divide that by 12. But, if you get paid every 2 weeks that's 26 paychecks a year, or $2,243.07 per paycheck. Also keep in mind the tax codes vary from state to state, but overall it shouldn't be that much of a difference.
First, it depends on what is called your "taxable earnings". To get your taxable earnings, you need to deduct all non-taxable earnings from your gross pay.
If you make say $1500 a pay period, and have non-taxable deductions for Medical and Dental Insurance for say $50 and $10 respectively, you would take away $60 from that $1500. Also deduct a 401k, Health Care Reimbursement Accounts, etc. Just don't deduct a 401A (think after tax, it's not what the a stands for, but it's a helpful reminder). Take all that away to get your taxable earnings.
John Doe:
$1500 gross pay
$50 Medical
$10 Dental
$50 HCRA
$24.12 401k
-----------------------
$1365.88 Taxable Gross Income.
(FYI all that non-taxable insurance is called a Cafeteria Plan. If you see either 135 or cafeteria plan on your W-2, that's why! It has to do with the law that was created to make these deductions non-taxable.)
Now, you need to know how you are paid. Are you paid, bi-weekly, weekly, semi-monthly? All of the information you'll find on the fed site is based on different tables based on the time period you get paid.
There's also federal, state, and sometimes local taxation. Kentucky has about 4 taxes you have to pay!! (fed, state, county and school!)
For Federal, check out a
calculator from the IRS. But
this is where you can find the tables.
My Joe above is bi-weekly, and married. So he follows
this table. If he files Married 00 (which generally means the wife works, and no kids), he would have $130.00 taken from his paycheck. It may be slightly off depending on how your company calculates taxes (some companies use the percentage method, which is a bit more complex to explain).
As far as HOW you should file. Well, for example, in CT, we have a special filing for students (F), which gives them a discount on taxes. Also, if you make less than a certain amount (Sorry it's been a year or two since I worked in the tax dept of payroll so the laws have changed), you don't have to pay taxes at all!